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Sheila Levrant de Bretteville (born 1940) is an American graphic designer, artist and educator whose work reflects her belief in the importance of feminist principles and user participation in graphic design. In 1990 she became the director of the Yale University Graduate Program in Graphic Design and the first woman to receive tenure at the Yale University School of Art. ==Life== Sheila Levrant de Bretteville holds degrees from Barnard College〔http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/debretteville.shtml〕 and Yale University〔http://art.yale.edu/SheilaLevrantDeBretteville〕 and has been awarded Honorary Doctorates from the Moore College of Art and California College of the Arts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Faculty Biography for Sheila Levrant de Bretteville )〕 In 1971, de Bretteville founded the first design program for women at the California Institute of the Arts, and two years later co-founded the Woman's Building, a public center in Los Angeles dedicated to women's education and culture. In 1973, de Bretteville founded the Women’s Graphic Center and co-founded the Feminist Studio Workshop (along with Judy Chicago and Arlene Raven), both based at the Woman's Building.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://womansbuilding.org/timeline.htm )〕 She designed a necklace of an eyebolt on a chain, meant to represent "strength without a fist"; she gave the first of these to Arlene Raven and Judy Chicago when they started the Feminist Studio Workshop in 1972.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman's Building People )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hello Sheila! )〕 Since then she has given them to other women with whom she shares a vision of the creation of women's culture. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman's Building People )〕 Members of the Feminist Studio Workshop of 1978-79 also made 500 of these necklaces to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Woman's Building in Los Angeles. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman's Building People )〕 The feminist art group Sisters of Jam (Mikaela & Moa Krestesen) turned the necklace into a mobile monument; they see the eyebolt "as a symbol for the work already done but also as an encouragement for the work that is not yet completed." 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hello Sheila! )〕 Sisters of Jam also did the installation "Hello Sheila", which features an eyebolt on a chain, at the Survival Kit Festival in Umea in 2014. In 1980 de Bretteville initiated the communication design program at the Otis College of Art and Design.〔 De Bretteville has had a lifelong interest in communal forms of art, which she believed were an essential component of the Feminist art movement in the United States. In 1973, she created "Pink," a broadside meant to explore the notions of gender as associated with the color pink, for an American Institute of Graphic Arts exhibition about color. This was the only entry about the color pink.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sons and Daughters of Los: Culture and Community in L.A. by David E. James )〕 Various women including many in the Feminist Studio Workshop submitted entries exploring their association with the color. De Bretteville arranged the squares of paper to form a “quilt” from which posters were printed and disseminated throughout Los Angeles. She was referred to by the nickname "Pinky" as a result. De Bretteville has worked extensively in the field of public art creating works embedded within city neighborhoods. One of her best-known pieces is "Biddy Mason's Place: A Passage of Time,” an 82-foot concrete wall with embedded objects in downtown Los Angeles that tells the story of Biddy Mason, a former slave who became a midwife in Los Angeles and lived near the site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brooklyn Museum on Biddy Mason: Time & Place )〕 In “Path of Stars,” completed in 1994 in a New Haven neighborhood, de Bretteville documented the lives of local citizens—past and present—with 21 granite stars set in the sidewalk. She has been honored with many awards including a 2004 Gold Medal from the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the most distinguished in the field in recognition of exceptional achievements, services or other contributions to the field of design and visual communication.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AIGA Medalists )〕 She is a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sheila Levrant de Bretteville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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